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Total Fertility Rate Trends - Kerala vs India


The table shows that Kerala achieved a sharp and early decline in total fertility rates (TFR) compared to India between 1971 and 2020. Kerala reached below-replacement fertility (below 2.1) by the late 1980s, maintaining a low and stable rate of 1.5 by 2020 across both rural and urban areas. In contrast, India's decline was slower, with the national TFR reaching 2.0 by 2020—2.2 in rural areas and 1.6 in urban areas. Kerala’s early success reflects better health, education, and social development, with minimal rural-urban disparity, unlike India where the rural-urban gap remained notable.